Can You Speak English in China? A Traveler’s Guide

1.Overview

English education in China started relatively early, and especially since the economic reforms of the 1980s, English has become a mandatory subject in schools. Today, most young people in cities start learning English in primary school—or even kindergarten—and continue until they graduate from university.
However, there’s still a gap between being able to read and write English and actually speaking it fluently. English proficiency also varies a lot depending on region and age.

2.City vs. Rural Differences

• First-tier cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, etc.):
  Young people and those working in foreign-related industries—like hotels, airlines, international companies, and tourist attractions—tend to have decent English skills. In highly international areas, tourists usually have an easier time communicating in English.
• Smaller cities and rural areas:
  English is much less common. Even people who have studied English may lack opportunities to practice speaking, making it harder to understand or communicate.

3.Age Differences

• Young adults (18–35 years old):
  Most have studied English for many years. Those in big cities often interact with the internet, movies, and music in English, so they are relatively comfortable with basic conversation.
• Middle-aged and older adults:
  Many haven’t had formal English training. Unless they work in foreign-related industries, most cannot communicate in English.

4.Industry Differences

• Tourism and international services (hotels, airports, foreign companies, major attractions): Staff usually have basic English skills.
• Everyday businesses (local shops, restaurants, taxis): English proficiency can be hit-or-miss. Travelers may need to use translation apps or gestures.
• Apps and platforms: Many Chinese apps, like Didi and Meituan, offer English versions, helping foreign visitors navigate more easily.

5.Compared to Other Countries

Compared to countries where English is widely spoken, like in Northern Europe or Southeast Asia, practical English skills in China are generally lower. But in high-demand areas such as tourism and business, English is improving quickly. Increasingly, public spaces like airports, subways, and attractions have bilingual signage, and many restaurants in big cities provide English menus.